Painful story of a Syrian boy || History of Syrian Civil War

History of Syrian Civil War 

I Will Go and Tell Allah Everything

KEY POINTS

0- 40 Years Rules of Assad Family 

1- 2011 Demonstrations

2- Split Between Syrian Armed Force

3- Involvement of Arab League

4- Friends of Syria

5- Al Nusra

6- YPG

7- Chemical Attack in Ghouta

8- Rise of Daesh/ISIS

9- Military intervention of Russia & America 

10- Turkey Role in Civil War

11- Iran and Israel's Role

40 Years of Dictorial Rule

For forty years the Assad family and a handful of elites ruled Syria as a secular state. They ruled Syria with the only political party "The Ba'ath" party from Alwite sect of Shia Muslim group. In 1963 Hafiz Al Assad imposed state of Emergency. This allowed secret political called "The Mukhabarat" to arrest any one. Jail's were filled with political prisoners untill 2011.

2011 Arab Spring Demonstration

In Early 2011, Arab spring Demonstration were erupted. some teenagers were arrested in Daar. In Reaction, unarmed protesters came out on street for the release of those teenage boys. Assad forces react violently and killed dozens. Words spread and people began to organize demonstration across the country. Assad blamed foreign conspirators and called it "Terrorist are at loss on the street". He later Governor Daraa and along with some cabinet members and made some changes in his cabinet. The Ba'ath party also allowed new parties to run in parliamentary election on the condition tagt Ba'ath would chose candidate for them. on the next day he brought more strict laws in replacement. This infuriated public again and thousands of people gathered in the clock tower of homes. Homes becomes the capital of revolution. 

Split in Syrian Forces  

Pro Assad militia called "Shabiha" started to get traction. in responce, peaceful demonstration turned violent. some soldiers refused to fire on protesters and syrian armed forces divided into two factions. 

1-Syrian Arab Army---- Assad Force

2-Free Syrian Army----- Defected Forc 

Gradually more soldiers defected created more gains for FSA. 

 

 ETILAF

Assad forces restarted for some areas so the local committees liberated from Assad forces involved into local councils. For the first time in generations Syrians elected their leaders. They cordinate with civil society and activist in exile and formed. 

Involvement of Arab League 

By February 2012, 8000 people had already been killed due to violence. Middle eastern countries had to react and eventually it proposed a De-escalation plan. 

Friends of Syria  

Assad forces were weak and loses ground and nearly 22000 soldiers defected and joined FSA. Even the prime Minister Riyad Hijab defected and joined ATILAF. Except Iran, China and Russia also came in favour of Assad Rejime and vetoed resolution in UN security council presented by EU, US. in responce EU, US, Turkey and Arab League created a group called "Friends of Syria" on 14th February 2012.

Civil War Turned Into Religious War     

Iran did not only give diplomatic support to Assad but it also send Lebanon based militant group "Hebollah" to fight along side Assad. This gave Importunity to sunny militants groups in to pour in Syria. Assad also incorporated paramilitary force called "The National Defense Force" run by Iranian top journals.

Jabhat Al Nusra   

FSA was united in the beginning despite many cultural and political differences. But it began to fracture. Al- Qaeda took advantage and branded themselves as jabhat al nusra in syria to fight Assad regime. This group was headed by Abu Muhammad Al Julani as its Emir. in 2017 it merged with 4 other militant groups and Rebranded as Hay'at Tahri Al Sham.